Cold work tool steels
There are different processes used for the production of metal tools under ‘cold condition’, which is broadly defined as surface temperatures below 200°C. These processes include blanking, drawing, cold extrusion, fine blanking, cold forging, cold forming, powder compacting, cold rolling, and shearing (industrial knives). The choice of the best steel for the forming and blanking tools must not only take the process into consideration but also the type of metal being formed or blanked.
Our product programme for cold work steel comprises different combinations of resistance to abrasive and adhesive wear, plastic deformation, chipping and cracking, machinability and grindability, and heat treatment properties.
When selecting the right steel grades, a good place to start is to analyse tool failure mechanisms in the various processes, as ultimately optimum properties are those that will extend the working life of the tool.
Common cold work failure mechanisms are:
- Wear chipping
- Plastic deformation
- Cracking
- Galling
Due to cyclic mechanical loading and sliding contact between work material and tool surface, the active surfaces of the tool are exposed to damage. The destruction of the tool will lead to quality problems on the formed parts as well as production interruption and downtime.
To optimise die performance and increase its lifespan, improving its resistance to chipping and cracking from stamping stainless and high strength steel is key. A time-tested method to increase ductility and toughness is the powder metallurgy process, which involves melting metal and turning the molten metal into powder through atomisation, before it is solidified with improved profile properties.
At voestAlpine HPM (Bohler & Uddeholm), product development is moving towards more robust steel with higher resistance to wear and greater durability. Fitting that bill are our MicroClean and SuperClean powder steel grades, characterised by high galling resistance, high adhesive wear resistance, good chipping and cracking resistance, high compressive strength, good through hardening properties, and good dimensional stability in hardening.
Product Overview | Availability | Datasheet |
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Bohler K110 D2 / 1.2379
It is a high-carbon tool steel that consists of 12% Chromium. It has high wear resistance and toughness. This type of steel (AISI D2, DIN standard 1.2379) is the most common steel in cold work applications worldwide. |
NZ Stock Rounds ø12.7 - ø503 Squares 20mm -160mm Sheets / Flats / Plates 3.5 - 100mm thick Block up to 300 mm thick |
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Uddeholm Sleipner
It is a high alloyed tool steel with a very broad property profile. It is also a very good steel for all types of surface treatments. This combination means that SLEIPNER is an extremely versatile conventional tool steel for medium run cold work tooling. |
NZ Stock Rounds 25.4mm - 203 mm diameter Sheets /Flats/Plates/Blocks 4mm - 254 mm Thick |
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Uddeholm Rigor A2 / 1.2363
A medium alloyed tool steel with a good resistance to both the abrasive and adhesive types of wear as well as good resistance to cracking. This combination makes RIGOR an all purpose tool steel for medium run cold work applications. |
NZ Stock Rounds ø10mm - ø330mm Flats/ Plates / Blocks 15mm - 315 mm thick Overseas Stock Rounds 12.7mm - 407mm diameter Sheets/Plates /Flats/Block 6mm -315mm thick |
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Uddeholm Calmax
Calmax is a medium alloyed tool steel suitable for short and medium run tooling in applications where a very high chipping resistance is required. The property profile makes Calmax a robust cold work tool steel for heavy duty blanking and forming. |
NZ Stock Rounds ø14mm - ø315mm Flats / Block 28mm - 200mm thick |
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Bohler K100 D3 / 1.2080
Tool steel suitable for medium and long run tooling in applications where a very good abrasive wear resistance is needed. BOHLER K100 contains large carbides which are advantageous for abrasive wear resistance. |
Overseas Stock Rounds 10mm - 453mm diameter Squares 16mm - 200mm Flats 20x15mm - 400 x 80 mm |
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Bohler K460 O1/1.2510
A general purpose oil hardening tool steel with good machinability but lower wear resistance. Suitable for wear plates,cutting blades,tools, punches and dies. Gauges and measuring tools;Forming tools. Air hardening alternative to this is Bohler K305 or Uddeholm Rigor. |
NZ Stock Rounds ø9mm - ø323mm Flats 10mm - 50mm thick Ground and Polished Rounds See "Silver Steel" Ground Flats See "Gauge Plate" |
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Gauge Plate O1 / 1.2510
Precision ground to provide a decarburisation free surface, plus a high wear resistance after heat treatment, making it ideal for a multitude of uses and applications: dies, press tools, punches, gauges, cams, jigs, machine, knives and marking devices.
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NZ Stock Flats (metric) in 500mm lengths 25mm x 1.5mm - 300mm x 25 mm Squares (metric) in 500mm lengths 6mm - 50mm Flats (imperial) 1" x 1/16" x 36" 5/8" x 1/8" x 36" 8" x 1/4" x 18" |
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AISI O1 / Arne Silver Steel ~AISI O1 / 1.2510
Oil hardening tool steel with good machinability. Suitable for making twist drills and taps, ejectors, punches,reamers,counter sinks,engraving tools, shafts for instruments and low strength application if used in the as supplied annealed condition. Supplied to tolerance ISO h8, ground and polished. |
NZ Stock Metric 2mm - 25 mm x Length 1000 - 2000mm Imperial 3/16" - 1" x Length 915 - 1000 mm |
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Bohler K510 / 1.2210 Silver Steel W.Nr 1.2210
Cold work tool steel suitable for the manufacture of light duty Twist drills and taps, ejectors, punches, reamers, counter sinks engraving tools, metal cutting saws. |
Overseas Stock Rounds 3mm - 40mm Diameter |
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Bohler K600 1.2767
Suitable for applications where toughness and chipping resistance are the dominant requirements, and the wear resistance is not so high. Heavy-duty cutting tools, punches and dies. Shear blades for heavier gauge material. Coining tools, cutlery dies, hobbing tools. Cold rolling dies for forming thicker sheet metal. Also used for engineering components which require high strength and toughness. This material is supplied in the annealed condition and must be heat treated to the appropriate condition for the intended application.
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NZ Stock Rounds ø15mm - ø252mm Flats / Plates / Blocks 15mm - 405mm thick
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Download Datasheet |
Uddeholm Unimax None
Unimax is a high hardness electroslag remelted tool steel which provides great wear resistance even over extended time at elevated temperatures. This product is suitable for coating and nitriding. Unimax performs very well in precision forging, hot stamping and moulding of reinforced plastics. |
NZ Stock Flats 254 x 54 mm thick Overseas Stock Rounds 14mm - 620mm Flats/Blocks 57 x 28mm - 596 x 346mm TIG Wire Diameter 1.6mm |
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Bohler K455 ~S1 / 1.2550
Shock resisting oil hardening cold work tool steel. Cutting tools for heavy plate, cold punches, shank tools for pneumatic equipment. |
NZ Stock Rounds ø16.5mm - ø151.5mm Overseas Stock 10mm - 151.5mm diameter |
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Bohler K245 W.Nr 1.2101
Cold work tool steel possessing good resistance to abrasion, and excellent elasticity. Clamping tools (e.g. collet chucks, arbors), shear blades, punches, screwdrivers, nail sets, expanding mandrels, ejector pins, center punches, nail punches. |
NZ Stock Rounds Diameters :20mm, 25mm, 32mm Overseas Stock Rounds: 16mm- 151.5mm |
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Uddeholm Vanadis 4 Extra
Suitable for applications where abrasive and adhesive wear are the dominant requirement, and resistance to chipping is also required. Cutting tools, punches and dies. Shear blades for soft adherent materials such as austenitic stainless, mild steel, copper, aluminium and thicker gauge high strength work material Thread rolling dies. Tool for drawing, deep drawing and cold extrusion. Cold rolling dies for forming sheet metal. |
Overseas Stock Rounds 4.3mm ITh9 - 500mm Plates 3.78mm - 34mm Flats/ Blocks 41mm - 200mm |
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Uddeholm Vanadis 8
Suitable for applications where increased abrasive wear resistance is required compared to Vanadis 4, and resistance to chipping is also required.Suitable for cutting tools, punches and dies. Shear blades for soft adherent materials such as austenitic stainless, mild steel, copper, aluminium and thicker gauge high strength work material.Thread rolling dies. Tool for drawing, deep drawing and cold extrusion. Cold rolling dies for forming sheet metal. Fine Blanking tools. |
Overseas Stock Rounds 5.3mm ITh9 - 450mm Plates 4.56mm - 40mm Flats/Blocks 41mm - 200 mm
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Bohler K390 Microclean Patent
Cutting tools(dies,punches) for normal and precision blanking.Extrusion tooling(cold and warm/semi-hot forming). Drawing and deep-drawing tools. Stamping tools.Thread rolling tools.Cold pilger rolling mandrels. Compression moulding dies for the processing of sintered parts. Knife applications. Extruder cylinders and conveyor screws. Mould inserts. Injection nozzles. Backflow check valves. |
Overseas Stock Rounds 15.5mm - 202mm diameter Flats 60.8mm - 253mm thick |
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Bohler K490 Microclean Patent
A greatly improved and more efficient cold work tool steel compared with other commonly used PM steels such as the AISI M4 (PM) types. toughness is more than doubled with a similar wear resistance. It can be used in a wide range of applications: Blanking and punching industry. Cold forming applications. Industrial knives. |
Overseas Stock Rounds 16.5mm - 363mm diameter Flats 30.8mm - 253mm thick |
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Bohler K890 Microclean Patent
For tooling which requires a high edge stability and therefore a high capacity for plastic yield and a high fatigue strength e.g. cutting and blanking,fine cutting,cold forming,cold massive forming, powder compaction,warm forging at lower temperatures. |
Overseas Stock Rounds 15.5mm - 202mm diameter Flats 83mm - 343mm thick |
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